1970s Style Disco Makeup and Era Fashions that have a Vintage Flair

The Sixties left the coming decade with an taste for the natural, and the Seventies era particularized the “Natural Look” to makeup and hair. Hair was long, smooth, often very straight, but ideally with a flip on the ends. Think the Mary Tyler Moore show, and you've got the early to middle '70s in a nutshell. The longer hairstyles still required the large curlers (which could really damage your hair with daily use) used in the '60s to create big waves, but electric curling irons were added to the mix when Farrah Fawcett Majors became on of the decade's "It" girls. The flicked up hair cuts worn to some extent by all of Charlie's Angels was applied to bangs or wings on the sides of the head. Farrah combined flicks on both sides with a high lofted center and amazing, wavy curls in streaky golden hair. Never mind that the fabulous Angel had stylists galore to keep her look fresh and "natural"; everybody wanted to look like that. And 'that' entailed more than a superb and constantly-renewed layered haircut: it meant hours with the curling iron, plenty of hair spray or mousse and strict avoidance of anything athletic, outdoorsy or the least bit—well, you know—natural.

1970s make-up styles had a natural, surfer appeal

Along with the "natural" hair of the '70s came a natural look in skin and cosmetics. Earlier decades had made fashionable the dead white complexion, the flawless matte of a movie star skin, and the rosy blush of innocence through the magic of foundation. In the Seventies, it was cool to resemble to surfers at Venice Beach: an all over tan, a golden glow around the face, and minimal looking make up were the things to strive for. Bronzers made an appearance, fake tanning fluids turned thousands of young women bright orange, and women who today look with alarm at the spots appearing on middle aged skin laid out all summer covered all too lightly in a bikini and a slick coat of baby oil.

1970s makeup mavens lightened up on the eye makeup, with mascara nearly disappearing for daywear except for something to lengthen, not necessarily thicken the eyelashes. White or pale blue eyeliner was sometimes used on the inside lid to make the eyes appear larger, but dark eyeliners were out of fashion. Pearlescent colors were popular for eye shadow, nail polish and lipstick, and liquid eye shadows became the rage. When foundation was worn at all, it was not matted down with powder, but left alone to shine a bit.

Tips for Taking Care of Your Skin

Acne

A pimple starts when the pores in the skin become clogged with a type of oil called sebum, which normally lubricates the skin and hair. Acne is common during puberty when hormones go into overdrive, causing the skin to overproduce sebum. Because many oil-producing glands are on the forehead, nose, and chin, this area — the T-zone — is where a person is most prone to pimples.

Here are some tips to help prevent breakouts and clear them up as fast as possible:

* Wash your face twice a day (no more) with warm water and a mild soap made for people with acne. Gently massage your face with circular motions. Don't scrub. Overwashing and scrubbing can cause skin to become irritated. After cleansing, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends applying an over-the-counter (no prescription needed) lotion containing benzoyl peroxide. This will decrease oil and bacteria.
* Don't pop pimples. It's tempting, but here's why you shouldn't: Popping pimples can push infected material further into the skin, leading to more swelling and redness, and even scarring. If you notice a pimple coming before a big event, like the prom, a dermatologist can often treat it for you with less risk of scarring or infection.
* Avoid touching your face with your fingers or leaning your face on objects that collect sebum and skin residue like the telephone receiver. Touching your face can spread the bacteria that cause pores to become inflamed and irritated. To keep bacteria at bay, wash your hands before applying anything to your face, such as treatment creams or makeup.
* If you wear glasses or sunglasses, make sure you clean them frequently to keep oil from clogging the pores around your eyes and nose.
* If you get acne on your body, try not to wear tight clothes, which don't allow skin to breathe and may cause irritation. You also might want to stay away from scarves, headbands, and caps, which can collect dirt and oil, too.
* Remove your makeup before you go to sleep. When buying makeup, make sure you choose brands that say "noncomedogenic" or "nonacnegenic" on the label. Throw away old makeup that smells or looks different from when you first bought it.
* Keep hair clean and out of your face to prevent additional dirt and oil from clogging your pores.
* Protect your skin from the sun. It may seem like a tan masks acne, but it's only temporary. A tan can cause the body to produce extra sebum, which may worsen your acne, not improve it. Tanning also causes damage to skin that will eventually lead to wrinkles and increase your risk of skin cancer.

Sun and Skin

We all know we need to protect our skin from the sun's harmful rays. Of course, it's impossible to avoid the sun — who wants to hide indoors when it feels so great to get outside and be active? And the sun's not all bad, anyway: Sunlight helps our bodies create vitamin D. So follow these tips when you're outdoors to help manage sun exposure:

* Wear sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15, even if it's cloudy or you don't plan on spending a lot of time outdoors. If you sweat a lot or go swimming, reapply sunscreen every 2 to 3 hours (even if the bottle says the sunscreen is waterproof).
* Choose a sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. Look for the words "broad spectrum protection" or UVA protection in addition to the SPF of 15 or greater. Select a sunscreen that says "nonacnegenic" or "noncomedogenic" on the label to help keep pores clear.
* The sun's rays are strongest between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM, so make sure you reapply sunscreen frequently and take breaks indoors if you can. If your shadow is longer than you are tall, then it's a safer time to be in the sun (you should still wear sunscreen, though).
* Apply more sunscreen (with higher SPF) when you're around reflective surfaces like water, snow, or ice.
* We all know that the sun can damage skin, but did you know it can contribute to eye problems, too? Protect your face and eyes with a hat and sunglasses that provide 100% UV protection.
* Some medications, such as prescription acne medications or birth control pills, can increase your sensitivity to the sun, so if you're taking medication, increase your sun protection.
* If you want the glow of a tan, try faking it with self-tanners or salon tanning treatments. Avoid tanning beds, though, because although manufacturers claim that tanning beds are free of UVB rays, they still use harmful UVA rays.

Tips for How to Style Naturally Curly Hair

To be truthful, naturally curly hair is the kind of style that is not easy for everyone to accept and love. A short style may turn into a frizzy mess at the first sign of rain or elevated humidity in the air, while the mid length cuts seem to unravel halfway through the business day and before long the curly mess takes on the proportions of a bird’s nest. Fortunately, curly hair doesn’t have to be that complicated! There are a number of hairstyle ideas which will leave you pleased with your thick tresses.

* What causes frizzy curls? Not even the best shampoo will undo the frizz if you perpetuate the one behavior that causes it: the blow dryer. To help get your hair ready for being shaped into the style you have chosen, the odds are good that using a hot air dryer is your preferred method of drying, but in so doing the hair is prevented to develop its natural curl. This of course makes your blonde mane incapable of following the layered look you have chosen.

* Another heat source that has your curls see red is the straightening iron. For it to work properly the iron becomes very hot and thus temporarily relaxes the spiral but doing so comes at a cost: frizz. Short cuts will soon show signs of breakage that leave the hair looking frizzy while long cuts will not show the breakage as clearly but before long will present with split ends. Although straightened hair is the preferred condition for application of highlights and color, it is not advisable to overdo this procedure.

* Two of the most commonly quoted tips revolve around the use of conditioning products instead of shampoo and continuing with the styling while the hair is still moist. How to style your curly hair depends on the cut; generally speaking, medium cuts may just need a running through with your fingers.

* Those who have artificially curled hair will appreciate the advice to invest in a high quality leave in conditioner. Permed hair is notorious for its dryness and you will do well to augment any natural oils with a leave in product that is highly rated for its long duration of supplying nutrients and moisture to the hair.

Skin Cancer

What is skin cancer?

FishermanCancer is a disease of the body’s cells. Occasionally some cells behave in an abnormal way, and grow into a lump called a tumour. A tumour that is not cancerous is called a benign tumour. A tumour which is cancerous is called a malignant tumour.

Skin is the largest organ of the body. There are different layers to skin. The epidermis is the outer or top layer of the skin. Cells produce keratin and melanin. Keratin resists heat, cold and effects of many chemicals. Melanin gives skin its colour and absorbs ultraviolet (UV) light and provides some protection from UV. The epidermis contains three different types of cells: squamous cells, basal cells and melanocytes.

What causes skin cancer?

Skin cancer is mainly caused by cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun.

UVR disrupts the cells' genes and can cause them to grow abnormally. If these abnormal cells are not destroyed by the body's natural defence systems, they can develop into skin cancers.

There are three main types of skin cancer named after the type of cells they start from: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma — known as non-melanocyctic skin cancers — and melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer.

Overview of the Globalization of the “Beauty Industry”

Globalization of the Beauty Industry 1945-1980,”2 provides a comprehensive overview of the growth of beauty industries.
The modern beauty industry developed in three phases:

1. Fragrance and soaps: started in the U.S. and Western Europe. Demand for these products stemmed from mid-19th century urbanization that resulted in growing stench and infectious diseases.

2. Facial beauty products: demand came from increased visual awareness that accompanied commercial photography and advances in printing, including the mass circulation of female fashion magazines.

3. Transformative beauty products: lip stick, hair dyes, and mascara. From 1914 to 1945, beauty products, as soaps and toiletries, became nearly universal in developed countries. The US Great Depression forced companies to make beauty products affordable. During this period and beyond, beauty products were marketed and developed for different audiences and ethnicities.

In the developing world, such as in southern Africa and Asia, the spread of soap and hygiene products accompanied colonial efforts to “civilize” the population. When Japan sought to “modernize” in the late 1800’s, hand washing and hair washing became popular among the elites and face “whitening,” shaving of eyebrows, and teeth blackening (all traditional practices) were banned. The use of traditional white face creams for women became a practice only used on special occasions, such as weddings. So not only the products, but their use in general became globalized.

In the U.S., the 1950’s solidified the image of the tall, shapely, blond woman as the ideal beauty, popularized by Marilyn Monroe and the Barbie doll. Television played a major role through beauty advertisements and sponsored game shows (used to brand corporations and products lines). Increased disposable income led to mass consumption of beauty products during this period. Other Western countries learned about American hygiene and beauty products through Hollywood and the movie industry. Outside the U.S., restrictions on media advertisements and sponsored games shows slowed the diffusion of these products. Government regulations abroad posed challenges as well.

Beauty pageants, such as Miss World (started in 1951 by the UK) and Miss Universe (started in 1952 in the US), became globalized, with local contests being held all over the world. The Miss World’s first dark-skinned winner was Miss India in 1966, and the first visible winner of African descent was Miss Grenada in 1970. Miss Universe developed its own “international standard of beauty,” based on face, figure, proportions, and posture and local contests began using that standard to choose representatives. US cosmetic industries co-opted the winners to become international ambassadors of their beauty products, further branding a certain image as beautiful.

By the 1980’s, local and ethnic identities in beauty ideals were being re-asserted and the market became more segmented by ethnicity, gender, and age. Yet lack of body odor, white natural teeth, slim figures, pale skins and round eyes were considered “international standards of beauty” and were being diffused all over the world. The trends and marketing practices mentioned in this historical analysis are still be used today, with even more success, as barriers (such as media advertising, government regulations, and technology) are further decreasing.

Beauty Ideals in the Non-Western Cultures: Case Study China and India

Both China and India are being influenced by Western beauty ideals and both have a large middle class with a disposable income. Advertisements plaster urban areas and Western television shows and movies are heavily distributed in both countries. Whitening face masks, soaps, and lotions are widely available in both countries. Men and women in both countries buy products to lighten their skin with hopes to achieve a better life, higher paying jobs, and higher class mates.

Much as has been written about the impact of beauty pageants in India. Beauty pageants start in high school, take place again in college, and then happen nationwide for Miss India. Commercial sponsors use the pageants to raise awareness of their products. While at the local level, girls are measured by local standards, but as the pageants get larger, international beauty standards are put in place. The first Miss World held in India, took place in 1996. Feminist groups protested, but were co-opted by right wing Hindu nationalists who protested economic liberalization and transnational corporations. The protestors succeeded in forcing the swimsuit competition to be moved to Seychelles, but Miss World was still held.3

In China, the first ever Miss Artificial Beauty was held in 2003 for Chinese contestants who had cosmetic surgery, and were not eligible for Miss World or Miss Universe. The competition still continues. Urban Chinese women in their 20’s and 30’s are increasingly getting cosmetic surgery to improve their chances for economic success, while older women in their 40’s are getting cosmetic surgery to look younger. Popular surgeries include adding a crease into eyelids to make the eyes look rounder, narrowing the nose, liposuction, and breast implants. Some women even lengthen their legs.4

Women’s groups have been mainly silent in China. Some believe this is due to the size of the “beauty industry.” In 2005, in China, the beauty industry was the 5th largest industry in the country, behind property, cars, tourism, and IT. The industry is growing at a rate of 20 percent per year.5 With the Chinese economy growing so rapidly, the beauty industries will continue to grow as well.

Treating Oily Skin with the Proper Face Care, Makeup and Therapy

Most people experience oily skin when they hit puberty and hormones begin to rampage across the bodily systems. Causes of oily skin have also been attributed to diet, stress and environmental issues, but the main reason for oily skin is the increased production of skin oils, or sebum, usually associated with hormonal changes. Remedies for oily skin range from washing practices to herbal skincare products made for the oily complexion.

Oily Skin and Acne Breakouts

Oily skin doesn't necessarily cause acne, but it can be a contributor to breakouts if the skin isn't kept clean enough. Acne occurs when pores are invaded by dirt and oil, get clogged and breed bacteria. The bacteria in the pore causes swelling and the typical pimple is filled with pus, which is the body's attempt to fight infection using white blood cells. Keeping your skin clean and pores unclogged is one important way to prevent acne breakouts. And it all starts with the way you wash your face.

Natural Beauty Product Suggestions for Oilier Skin

Oil free moisturizers usually contain glycerin and water, and some of the best products also contain tea extracts and oatmeal. Oatmeal has long been recognized as a soothing skin care product, and when used as a mask can brighten your skin without drying it out too much. Companies like Aveeno are making oatmeal based moisturizers and makeup that work wonderfully to care for the skin. Beauty tips columns always contain the oatmeal facial mask as a remedy for oily skin. Just puree oatmeal with a little water, wipe on the skin, allow to dry most but not all they way, and rinse off.

Luckily, caring for your oily skin has never been easier, since a tremendous range of products ensures that there's something for everyone. Treating oily skin is done at two levels; prevention and blemish control. Gentle treatment, the right oil-control makeup and proper nutrition can help prevent oily skin. Blemishes can be treated with tea tree oil or one of the natural remedies including green or white tea extract (powerful antioxidants) and skin calming oils such as lavender or chamomile.

Does diet and nutrition contribute to skin oils?

Some people think that chocolate or fatty foods can cause oily skin, and if you are allergic to a particular food, it may show up in the way your skin behaves. Chocolate has not been shown to increase skin oil or breakouts; in fact, dark chocolate contains antioxidants that are good for your brain and your body. But junk food like chips, high fat, high salt burgers and other fried foods may impact your skin as they do your entire body. If you're a junk food junkie and have oily skin or breakouts, take a month off from your favorite foods to see if your skin condition improves.

Antiaging therapy in the form of creams or lotions containing plant or milk acids often dry users' skins as the acids remove the top layer of skin cells from the complexion. Check out moisturizers containing alpha lipoic acid, which may decrease the oil in your skin after a short time of use.